Plaza Mayor

Pengembaraan berjalan kaki di sekitar kota Madrid pada hari kedua disudahi dengan kunjungan ke Dataran Mayor (Plaza Mayor). Sebuah dataran yang amat unik, berketerampilan dengan nilai senibina yang menakjubkan, melambangkan kekayaan budaya Madrid-Baroque yang terkenal dengan seni arkitek yang bermutu dan indah.

Plaza Mayor adalah satu dataran yang dibina oleh Philip III bagi mengukuhkan lagi prestij dan keterampilan pemerintahan baginda. Komisyen kerja-kerja pembinaannya telah diserahkan kepada Juan Gomez de Mora dan pembinaannya bermula pada tahun 1617 dan siap dua tahun kemudian. Dataran ini sekarang mengandungi 136 rumah dan 437 'balconies' yang boleh memuatkan sehingga 50,000 orang bagi menyaksikan berbagai perayaan dan 'festivities' yang sering berlangsung di sini seperti: pertarungan dengan lembu jantan (bullfights), perkahwinan diraja, proklamasi diraja dan sebagainya.

Menikmati keajaiban dan keunikan Plaza Mayor

Tugu tembaga (bronze statute) Philip III, pengasas kepada Plaza Mayor

Tugu Philip III berlatar belakangkan bangunan bekas Casa de la Panaderia

Plaza Mayor, pemandangan dari udara

Sedikit catatan sejarah mengenai Plaza Mayor:

Plaza Mayor, Madrid

The Plaza Mayor was built during the Habsburg period and is a central plaza in the city of Madrid, Spain. It is located only a few blocks away from another famous plaza, the Puerta del Sol. The Plaza Mayor is rectangular in shape, measuring 129 by 94 meters, and is surrounded by three-story residential buildings having 237 balconies facing the Plaza. It has a total of nine entranceways. The Casa de la Panadería, serving municipal and cultural functions, dominates the Plaza Mayor.

History

The Plaza Mayor as it appeared in the late 19th century.

The origins of the Plaza go back to 1589 when Philip II of Spain asked Juan de Herrera, a renowned Renaissance architect, to discuss a plan to remodel the busy and chaotic area of the old Plaza del Arrabal. Juan de Herrera was the architect who designed the first project in 1581 to remodel the old Plaza del Arrabal but construction didn't start until 1617, during Philip III's reign. The king asked Juan Gomez de Mora to continue with the project, and he finished the porticoes in 1619. Nevertheless, the Plaza Mayor as we know it today is the work of the architect Juan de Villanueva who was entrusted with its reconstruction in 1790 after a spate of big fires.Giambologna's equestrian statue of Philip III dates to 1616, but it was not placed in the center of the square until 1848. If you look around today you can still see the blood on the walls from some of the bull fights held in earlier years.

Names

Plaza Mayor's painted façades

The name of the plaza has changed over time. Originally it was called the "Plaza del Arrabal" but became known as the "Plaza Mayor".

In 1812, following a decree all the major plazas of Spain were renamed "Plaza de la Constitución", in honour of the Constitution of 1812. The plaza had this name until the restoration of the Borbón king in 1814 when it became known as the "Plaza Real". The plaza once again held the name "Plaza de la Constitución" in the periods from 1820 to 1823, 1833 to 1835, and 1840 to 1843.

In 1873, the name changed to "Plaza de la República", and then back to "Plaza de la Constitución" from the restoration of Alfonso XII in 1876 to the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in 1922. A proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic gave the plaza the name of "Plaza de la Constitución" until the end of the Spanish Civil War when the plaza was renamed the "Plaza Mayor," the name it bears to date.

Uses

1683 painting by Francisco Ricci of anAuto de Fe in the Plaza Mayor on June 30, 1680

The Plaza Mayor has been the scene of multitudinous events: markets, bullfights, soccer games, public executions, and, during the Spanish Inquistion, "autos de fe" against supposed heretics and the executions of those condemned to death. The Plaza Mayor also has a ring of old and traditional shops and cafes under its porticoes. Celebrations for San Isidro, patron saint of Madrid, are also held here. The Plaza Mayor is now a major tourist attraction, visited by thousands of tourists a year.

Salam hormat - PUDA

Seronoknya menjamu selera di Pasar San Miguel!!

Pengembaraan berjalan kaki di kota Madrid diteruskan lagi dengan beredar dari kawasan Istana Diraja menuju ke kawasan Dataran Mayor melalui jalan utama Calle de la Villa dan Calle de Mayor. Kawasan ini lebih dikenali dengan panggilan "Madrid of the Austrias" kerana ia merupakan pusat nadi (nerve centre) masyarakat di kurun ke 17 dan terdapat bangunan-bangunan peninggalan sejarah di kurun tersebut yang masih terpelihara di sini, senibina yang melambangkan sosok atau karakteristik budaya Madrid-Baroque.

Kami singgah dahulu ke sebuah pasar yang amat unik dan menarik perhatian kami iaitu Pasar San Miguel (Mercado de San Miguel).

Pasar ini cukup menarik perhatian kami kerana di dalamnya terdapat banyak bangku-bangku (stalls) yang menyajikan berbagai makanan laut yang kami gemari. Dalam keadaan perut kami yang agak lapar, peluang keemasan seperti ini setentunya tidak dilepaskan begitu sahaja. Apa lagi, awda boleh mengagak adegan-adegan apa yang dilakonkan oleh lima orang jelama dari Brunei ani!!! Saksikan gelagat mereka seperti yang tertera dalam gambar-gambar berikut.........

Berbagai stalls yang menyajikan berjenis makanan

Caviar and unagi on bread...............sssllllurp.........

Udang......anyone??

Jual ubat atau makanan kah ni?

Bibeh masih lagi merenung-renung makanan pilihannya..........

Masih lagi mempistar-pistar kah Beh??

Nampaknya ada sudah yang berkenan di hati tu Beh!

Sedang asyik menkmati kelazatan potato chips yang digoreng dengan minyak zaiton

Ketiga-tiga orang jelama ani tau me....ngap saja. Nyaman kah????...........

Ketika menemui stall yang menyajikan makanan laut oyster, agak ketara tabiat Zayani, Zati dan Bibeh yang 'rangka'. Perhatikanlah gelagat mereka yang begitu gelojoh menghirup hidangan oyster yang mentah.................

Dan kumpulan ini lain pula gelagat mereka apabila bersua dengan hidangan sayuran dalam 'hot pot'....................

Setelah perut kenyang, masing-masing beredar keluar dipekarangan bangunan pasar sambil menikmati udara petang di kota Madrid............

Sedikit catatan sejarah Mercado de San Miquel:

San Miguel Market

El Mercado de San Miguel, located on the square of the same name, near the Plaza Mayor of Madrid ( Spain ) is a market of private ownership as the most remarkable feature is that it preserves the original structure of iron in the early twentieth century . It has two floors and an area of 1,200 square meters.

Content [ocultar] 1 History 2 News 3 References 4 External links

[ edit ]History

It was built between 1913 and 1916 under the supervision of the architect Alfonso Díez Dubé and inspired by other European markets made iron style of The Les Halles . However, their business is much earlier, as its location was formerly a food market outside.

Originally, the site occupied by the market was the site of the parish church of San Miguel de octo, where he was named Lope de Vega . While it is not known if the building was the original, the parish already existed in the early thirteenth century, as discussed in the forum of Madrid in 1202. The entire area, including the temple was razed by a terrible fire in 1790 . Despite being upgraded, its status remained a concern, so much so that in 1804 Juan de Villanueva recommended its demolition. The demolition took place on November 28th of 1809 by order of King José I Bonaparte , in his policy of opening up spaces in the town of Madrid. The site became a public square in which it held a market of perishable products , to what they were rows of wooden crates and stalls. The economist and was once governor of Madrid, D. Pascual Madoz , in his Geographical Dictionary, Historical Statistics of Spain-asserted in 1847 that the street market welcomed one hundred twenty-eight drawers and eighty-eight stalls.

During the second half of the nineteenth century began to break through hygienic and functional ideas of city planners, physicians and scientists who sought to remedy the problems of filth and unhealthiness of street markets. The journalist and writer Madrid Ramón de Mesonero Romans (1803-1882), master of custom items , reflected in many writings of the plight of the squares of the time. Furthermore, another serious problem caused by interfering with the growing traffic andpedestrians in the capital, as the markets were attracting new sellers and buyers who were scattered by the surrounding streets. Already in 1835 the architect Joaquín Henri designed a project that would appear in the Journal of Notices of Madrid , of which only came to build the front cover to hide the drawers of the market stalls of sight of passersby. However, not until the 1870s when the city starts building covered markets, of which at the end of the century and there were four, all with iron structure. These were the markets Mostenses (built in 1875), Barley (1875), Chamberí (1876) and Peace (1882). Despite the construction of these new markets, there was still not sufficient to meet the demand of a growing city, so there remained open-air markets in the public squares.

El Mercado de San Miguel was inaugurated on May 13th of 1916 . It was built in two phases (the first completed in 1914) not to disrupt the commercial operation of the market. Its most characteristic are the linchpins of cast iron structure, the composition of the decks , the drainage system and the crest ceramic crown cover. The cost of the work was three hundred thousand pesetas. The exterior glazing is later. San Miguel is the only show of its kind in the city remains the so-called iron architecture , as all covered market built in the last third of the nineteenth century were demolished and, in general, replaced by new constructions.

News

In 1999 the Community of Madrid discussed with European funds and the traders themselves remodeling which amounted to 150 million pesetas and the market returned to its original appearance. However, his business was withering away because their facilities could not compete against modern supermarkets andshopping centers .

To avoid death, a group of individuals with interests architectural, gastronomic and belonging to different cultural and social contexts have shaped the society:The Gourmet of San Miguel, the current majority owner of the market. Its aim is to revive and enhance its traditional business by creating a market with reference to the La Boqueria in Barcelona, with a focus on offering high quality products, seasonal food , counseling Dining chance to try something that will be part of the shopping cart, eating or taking time pecking, with the advantage of flexible hours. Giving new life into the gastronomy of Madrid , Spanish and even internationally. In addition, El Gastródomo San Miguel wants to be part of the agenda by events in Madrid in different activities related to recreation and culture, helping to revitalize the old capital.

It's quite a challenge: to revive the traditional market, the daily shopping, with the advantages of the XXI century. On May 13 of 2009 reopened its doors.

Salam hormat - PUDA